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The Cataloguing Code of Ethics 2021: conception, community and continuation
- Jane Daniels, Diane Rasmussen Pennington
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- Journal:
- Art Libraries Journal / Volume 48 / Issue 2 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 April 2023, pp. 33-37
- Print publication:
- April 2023
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Cataloguing has existed for millennia but until January 2021 there was no formal code of ethics for this branch of the information profession. But what is the Code? Who created it and why? How was it produced? Is the Code immutable and what relevance does it have in day-to-day cataloguing work now? Can institutional experiences of encountering and resolving ethical dilemmas in creating, sharing, enriching and maintaining metadata be shared for mutual benefit? This article, based on a presentation delivered by the authors as part of the ARLIS UK Cataloguing and Classification Ethics series delivered online between April and June 2022,1 provides examples of how the ten ethical statements of principles can be used to inform cataloguing in art libraries.
6 - Information attributes
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- By Diane Rasmussen Pennington, Lecturer in Information Science and the Course Director for the MSc in Information and Library Studies at the University of Strathclyde., Ian Ruthven, Professor of Information Seeking and Retrieval at the University of Strathclyde.
- Katriina Byström, Jannica Heinström, Ian Ruthven
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- Book:
- Information at Work
- Published by:
- Facet
- Published online:
- 01 June 2019
- Print publication:
- 30 November 2018, pp 127-146
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Summary
Introduction
Information attributes are everyday concepts and part of our everyday language when discussing information. When dealing with patient information Ann, our cardiologist, will care about issues such as the novelty of any information representing change in her patient's condition, its accuracy and the quality of the information she is receiving. Novelty can be assessed by the time of the information, recorded in a standard format that all medical staff use and understand, accuracy may be judged by knowledge of how the information was created and quality of information may be judged by who provided the information or how useful the information is in deciding how to treat her patients. Ann will also have to deal with various genres of information, such as patient records, heart rhythm traces, temperature charts, etc., which can be used for different purposes and to make different decisions. Many information attributes require high levels of domain knowledge to be used correctly; part of Ann's professional training dealt with how to read these documents and how to use them to treat her patients.
Our lawyer Johan will also interact with many types of information and care about issues of bias in the information, the degree to which his information can be verified with respect to other sources of information and whether he has confidence in his information source. In presenting evidence to the court he will need to consider whether his evidence is clear, if it provides tangible facts and whether it is consistent with other information being presented. Johan also needs to care about whether his own legal knowledge is up to date, whether his interpretation of the law is consistent with other lawyers and whether he is translating specialised information in such a way that his clients and the jury will have the ability to understand the information he is providing.
Liila, our journalist, has to deal with many sources of information, and she will also care about novelty of information and its accuracy but she also has concerns over whether the information is recent, whether her sources are authoritative, whether the information is sufficiently specific to her story and the affective nature of the information on her potential readers.
1 - Introduction: the continuing evolution of social tagging
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- By Diane Rasmussen Pennington, Dr Diane Rasmussen Pennington is a Lecturer in Information Science at the University of Strathclyde (Scotland)., Louise F. Spiteri, Dr Louise Spiteri is Associate Professor at the School of Information Manage - ment, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada).
- Diane Pennington, Louise Spiteri
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- Book:
- Social Tagging for Linking Data Across Environments
- Published by:
- Facet
- Published online:
- 01 June 2019
- Print publication:
- 30 September 2018, pp 1-10
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Summary
The genesis of an idea: Louise's perspective
I was introduced to the concept of social tagging when I was asked by Library and Archives Canada to speak about folksonomies at a metadata conference in Ottawa in 2005. Although I had heard the term, which was coined by Thomas Vander Wal (2007) in 2004, I did not know much about it, but I was certainly interested in the opportunity to learn more about this concept. As with most scholars in this field, my first in-depth exposure to the concept of social tagging was Adam Mathes’ now classic article on folksonomies (2004). My area of expertise was in the areas of cataloguing, classification and thesaurus con - struction, all areas where language and descriptors are carefully chosen and controlled by professional information managers. I became intrigued at the possibilities that social tagging could provide to our carefully curated metadata records in libraries, which was the basis for my first article on the topic on social tagging (Spiteri, 2006) and which opened a new area of research interest that has continued to grow over the years.
For several years, I have studied the contributions of social tagging to library discovery systems (Spiteri, 2006; 2007; 2009); my interest in this particular topic was inspired by courses I teach in the areas of the organization of information, cataloguing and classification, as well as my involvement in social reading sites such as LibraryThing and Goodreads. I was struck by the dynamic and interactive nature of these reading sites: readers voluntarily edited metadata records for books, added social tags to describe content, created and shared reading lists, engaged in discussions with other readers, wrote reviews of items they had read and responded to reviews written by others. I was struck also by the difference between these dynamic sites and the static nature of the public library catalogues that I used, and used as exemplars for my students. These catalogues contained carefully constructed metadata records, using established and standardised metadata standards such as Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules and, more recently, Resource Description and Access, codified via the MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging) framework and standard Library of Congress Subject Headings to describe the content and genre of a work.
8 - Keys to their own voices: social tags for a dementia ontology as a human right
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- By Diane Rasmussen Pennington, Dr Diane Rasmussen Pennington is a Lecturer in Information Science at the University of Strathclyde (Scotland).
- Diane Pennington, Louise Spiteri
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- Book:
- Social Tagging for Linking Data Across Environments
- Published by:
- Facet
- Published online:
- 01 June 2019
- Print publication:
- 30 September 2018, pp 151-168
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Summary
Introduction
Dementia encompasses a range of incurable brain conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, which affected 47 million people worldwide in 2015, a figure that is expected to triple by 2050. It is therefore a worldwide public health priority (World Health Organization, 2017). While the symptoms differ among individuals to some extent, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines them as follows:
• difficulties with everyday tasks
• confusion in familiar environments
• difficulty with words and numbers
• memory loss
• changes in mood and behaviour.
Caring for people living with dementia (PLWD) is a burdensome task and it tends to fall to family members, which causes them considerable stress. The WHO's Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017–2025 focuses on dementia prevention as well as on improving the lives of PLWD and their carers so that they ‘live well and receive the care and support they need to fulfil their potential with dignity, respect, autonomy and equality’. The United Nations has called for dementia to be a public health priority in all countries (UN News Centre, 2015).
This chapter will first explore the uniquely challenging context of information needs and dementia. It will then use dementia as a case study to demonstrate how user-generated hashtags, or other forms of surrogate representation, could be applied in a linked data environment in order to improve access to care, resources, people and other needs.
Entities in the dementia ontology
Because just one PLWD affects and, conversely, is affected by, a range of entities, it is perhaps useful to consider some of the different entities and their unique contexts and needs individually. It is then easier to see how they intertwine within what this chapter calls a dementia ontology. An ontology is broadly defined as ‘a formal representation of knowledge with rich semantic relationships between terms’ (Stuart, 2016, 12). A dementia ontology, then, is a representation of knowledge with relationships between entities that are somehow related to a PLWD.
PLWD
In relation to the emphasis on person-centred care in dementia (Brooker, 2003), the PLWD should be placed at the centre of this dementia system or ontology.